Infection Prevention and Control/Surface Decontamination - Revision history

Tobyvan: /* Sampling and Validation */ This sections requires expansion

2021-02-22T09:40:11Z

Sampling and Validation: This sections requires expansion

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	==Sampling and Validation==		==Sampling and Validation==
			{{Expand}}

	==Notes and References==		==Notes and References==

Peta: /* Decontamination */

2020-06-25T10:31:49Z

Decontamination

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	==Decontamination==		==Decontamination==
	Decontamination is the process of making an area safe by removing, neutralising or destroying any harmful substances. Decontamination can be achieved by applying physical agents, chemical agents or mechanical removal through any combination of cleaning, sterilisation ~~or disinfection~~. Physical agents could include heat, radiation and chemical agents include a myriad gasses and liquids.		Decontamination is the process of making an area safe by removing, neutralising or destroying any harmful substances. Decontamination can be achieved by applying physical agents, chemical agents or mechanical removal through any combination of cleaning, disinfection or sterilisation. Physical agents could include heat, radiation and chemical agents include a myriad gasses and liquids.
	===Cleaning===		===Cleaning===
	Cleaning is the process of achieving a state where an area is visually free of contaminating debris. Cleaning is generally achieved by the application of mechanical removal and liquid chemical agents. Cleaning is often an initial decontamination process which removes organic matter from an area. Such organic matter can promote microbial growth and protect microorganisms during further decontamination stages such as sterilisation ~~or disinfection~~. Cleaning is also frequently applied as the final decontamination stage during which inactivated microorganisms or residual toxins are removed from an area.		Cleaning is the process of achieving a state where an area is visually free of contaminating debris. Cleaning is generally achieved by the application of mechanical removal and liquid chemical agents. Cleaning is often an initial decontamination process which removes organic matter from an area. Such organic matter can promote microbial growth and protect microorganisms during further decontamination stages such as disinfection or sterilisation. Cleaning is also frequently applied as the final decontamination stage during which inactivated microorganisms or residual toxins are removed from an area.
	===Disinfection===		===Disinfection===
	Disinfection is the decontamination process of reducing the number of infectious agents to the level where they no longer cause disease. Disinfection typically does not remove bacterial spores.		Disinfection is the decontamination process of reducing the number of infectious agents to the level where they no longer cause disease. Disinfection typically does not remove bacterial spores.

Tobyvan at 12:57, 19 June 2020

2020-06-19T12:57:04Z

Show changes

SheldonBole: breadcrumb

2020-06-09T13:26:38Z

breadcrumb

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:26, 9 June 2020
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	*[[Infection Prevention and Control]]		[[Infection Prevention and Control/Air Disinfection\| Return to Air Disinfection]]
	*[[Infection Prevention and Control/Air Disinfection]]
	== Decontamination ==		== Decontamination ==
	Decontamination is the process of making an area safe by removing, neutralising or destroying any harmful substances. Decontamination can be achieved by applying physical agents, chemical agents or mechanical removal through any combination of cleaning, sterilisation or disinfection. Physical agents could include heat, radiation and chemical agents include a myriad gasses and liquids.		Decontamination is the process of making an area safe by removing, neutralising or destroying any harmful substances. Decontamination can be achieved by applying physical agents, chemical agents or mechanical removal through any combination of cleaning, sterilisation or disinfection. Physical agents could include heat, radiation and chemical agents include a myriad gasses and liquids.

Tobyvan: /* Surface Decontamination by Chemicals */

2020-05-30T10:52:42Z

Surface Decontamination by Chemicals

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:52, 30 May 2020
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	== Surface Decontamination by Chemicals==		== Surface Decontamination by Chemicals==
	~~This is a section~~ stub~~. See the discussion page for development~~		{{stub}}

	== Surface Decontamination by Irradiation==		== Surface Decontamination by Irradiation==

Tobyvan: /* Efficacy */

2020-05-20T10:13:50Z

Efficacy

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 *UVGI is a supplemental surface disinfection technology
 *UVGI can be used to kill the new coronavirus as well as a number of other common pathogens
 == Sampling and Validation ==

Tobyvan: /* Surface Decontamination by Irradiation */

2020-05-18T18:03:42Z

Surface Decontamination by Irradiation

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:03, 18 May 2020
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	== Surface Decontamination by Irradiation==		== Surface Decontamination by Irradiation==
	Ionising and non-ionising irradiation are both able to decontaminate surfaces. Ionising radiation is not considered generally practical for surface decontamination in a clinical or laboratory setting. Non-ionising radiation such as ultraviolet light in the UV-C band effectively inactivates most microorganisms on surfaces and in the air.		Ionising and non-ionising irradiation are both able to decontaminate surfaces. Ionising radiation is not considered generally safe and practical for surface decontamination in a clinical or laboratory setting. Non-ionising radiation such as ultraviolet light in the UV-C band effectively inactivates most microorganisms on surfaces and in the air.

	=== Surface Decontamination by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation===		=== Surface Decontamination by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation===

Tobyvan: /* Sterilisation */

2020-05-18T18:03:17Z

Sterilisation

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	Disinfection is the decontamination process of reducing the number of infectious agents to the level where they no longer cause disease. Disinfection typically does not remove bacterial spores.		Disinfection is the decontamination process of reducing the number of infectious agents to the level where they no longer cause disease. Disinfection typically does not remove bacterial spores.
	=== Sterilisation ===		=== Sterilisation ===
	Sterilisation is ~~the~~ decontamination process ~~of removing~~ or ~~killing~~ all forms of life in an area. This includes viruses, bacteria, funguses and spores forming organisms.		Sterilisation is any decontamination process which removes or kills all forms of life in an area. This includes viruses, bacteria, funguses and spores forming organisms.

	== Surface Decontamination by Cleaning==		== Surface Decontamination by Cleaning==

Tobyvan at 17:58, 18 May 2020

2020-05-18T17:58:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:58, 18 May 2020
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	=== Surface Decontamination by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation===		=== Surface Decontamination by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation===
	The disinfection effect of ultraviolet light has been described for over 100 years<ref> Downes, Arthur; Blunt, Thomas P. (19 December 1878). https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspl.1878.0109</ref>. It is effective against a variety of microorganisms and has been successfully deployed for the purpose of disinfection of water, air and surfaces. Effectiveness depends on a range of variables related to the microorganism of interest, environment and application. Ultraviolet radiation in the UV-C range has been used for its germicidal properties specifically for infection prevention and control - have been demonstrated to work at laboratory scale, in ducts, as upper room irradiation and as portable devices. Safety guidelines have been established (ACGIH)<ref name="cite"/>.<br>		The disinfection effect of ultraviolet light has been described for over 100 years<ref> Downes, Arthur; Blunt, Thomas P. (19 December 1878). https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspl.1878.0109</ref>. It is effective against a variety of microorganisms and has been successfully deployed for the purpose of disinfection of water, air and surfaces. Effectiveness depends on a range of variables related to the microorganism of interest, environment and application. Ultraviolet radiation in the UV-C range has been used for its germicidal properties specifically for infection prevention and control - have been demonstrated to work at laboratory scale, in ducts, as upper room irradiation and as portable devices. Safety guidelines have been established (ACGIH)<ref name="cite">Citation Needed</ref>.<br>

	UVGI surface disinfection has advantages over chemical disinfection because:		UVGI surface disinfection has advantages over chemical disinfection because:

Tobyvan: /* Surface Decontamination by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation */

2020-05-18T17:53:08Z

Surface Decontamination by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:53, 18 May 2020
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	=== Surface Decontamination by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation===		=== Surface Decontamination by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation===
			The disinfection effect of ultraviolet light has been described for over 100 years<ref> Downes, Arthur; Blunt, Thomas P. (19 December 1878). https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspl.1878.0109</ref>. It is effective against a variety of microorganisms and has been successfully deployed for the purpose of disinfection of water, air and surfaces. Effectiveness depends on a range of variables related to the microorganism of interest, environment and application. Ultraviolet radiation in the UV-C range has been used for its germicidal properties specifically for infection prevention and control - have been demonstrated to work at laboratory scale, in ducts, as upper room irradiation and as portable devices. Safety guidelines have been established (ACGIH)<ref name="cite"/>.<br>

			UVGI surface disinfection has advantages over chemical disinfection because:
			*There is no off-gassing of chemicals or residual chemical contamination frequently associated with chemical-based disinfection methods. Therefore, vehicles or spaces can be occupied immediately after UVGI disinfection<ref name="Kowalski 2009">Wladyslaw Kowalski, 2009. Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Handbook: UVGI for Air and Surface Disinfection. New York. Springer. [https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783642019982]</ref>;
			*It has high pathogen reduction rates when compared to chemical cleaning; and
			*Chemical disinfection methods are time-consuming <ref name="Kostyuchenko 2009">Sergey Kostyuchenko, Anna Khan, Sergey Volkov, Henk Giller, 2009. UV Disinfection in Moscow Metro Public Transport Systems. IUVA News / Vol. 11 No. 1 [https://iuvanews.com/stories/pdf/archives/110101KostyuchenkoEtAl_Article.pdf]</ref>.
			A guideline on hospital infection control <ref name="Brown 1996">Brown IW Jr et al (1996) Toward further reducing wound infections in cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 62(6):1783–1789.[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8957387]</ref><ref name="Shamim 2017">Shamim, I. A. ed., 2017. Ultraviolet Light in Human Health, Diseases and Environment. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG.[https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319560168]</ref> recommends the use of both UVGI and chemical disinfection since UVGI has no penetrating power on dust, dirt and grease, which may harbour microbial contamination. Exposure to UV-C may degrade some materials.<br>

	For UVGI surface disinfection for SARC-CoV-2, refer to [[Infrastructure_Guidance_for_COVID-19/COVID-19_Infection_Prevention_and_Control#Ultraviolet_Surface_Disinfection_for_SARS-CoV-2\|COVID-19 infection control guidance]]		For UVGI surface disinfection for SARC-CoV-2, refer to [[Infrastructure_Guidance_for_COVID-19/COVID-19_Infection_Prevention_and_Control#Ultraviolet_Surface_Disinfection_for_SARS-CoV-2\|COVID-19 infection control guidance]]
	The effective band of germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) radiation is between wavelengths of 250-270 nm with 265 nm the optimum efficiency. Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation effectively destroys most microorganisms on surfaces. Dirt, dust, and shadows can shield organisms which must be directly exposed to the GUV light. This and safety concerns are limiting factors for its general application.<br>		The effective band of germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) radiation is between wavelengths of 250-270 nm with 265 nm the optimum efficiency. Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation effectively destroys most microorganisms on surfaces. Dirt, dust, and shadows can shield organisms which must be directly exposed to the GUV light. This and safety concerns are limiting factors for its general application.<br>