Building Engineering Services - Revision history

Tobyvan: recirculation rules in theatres improved.

2024-05-08T13:03:26Z

recirculation rules in theatres improved.

Tobyvan: /* 23.4. OPERATING THEATRE VENTILATION DESIGN */

2023-07-20T06:57:15Z

23.4. OPERATING THEATRE VENTILATION DESIGN

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:57, 20 July 2023
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	23.4.3 CLEAN OR MAJOR THEATRES		23.4.3 CLEAN OR MAJOR THEATRES

	#Airborne particulate contamination levels are not to exceed ISO 14644-1 Class 6 in all protected areas and Class 7 in backround areas. These conditions are to be ~~achieved~~ under operational conditions.		#Airborne particulate contamination levels are not to exceed ISO 14644-1 Class 6 in all protected areas and Class 7 in backround areas. These conditions are to be demonstrated as achievable under operational conditions.
	#The ventilation system is to include G4 Primary, F9 Secondary and H13 HEPA filters.		#The ventilation system is to include G4 Primary, F9 Secondary and H13 HEPA filters.
	#The conditioned air is to be introduced into the theatre via suitable diffusers.		#The conditioned air is to be introduced into the theatre via suitable diffusers.

Tobyvan: /* 23.4. OPERATING THEATRE VENTILATION DESIGN */ Clarification that ISO 6 refers to protected ares only

2023-07-20T06:49:05Z

23.4. OPERATING THEATRE VENTILATION DESIGN: Clarification that ISO 6 refers to protected ares only

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:49, 20 July 2023
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	23.4.3 CLEAN OR MAJOR THEATRES		23.4.3 CLEAN OR MAJOR THEATRES

	#Airborne particulate contamination levels are not to exceed ISO 14644-1 Class 6 in all areas. These conditions are to be achieved under operational conditions.		#Airborne particulate contamination levels are not to exceed ISO 14644-1 Class 6 in all protected areas and Class 7 in backround areas. These conditions are to be achieved under operational conditions.
	#The ventilation system is to include G4 Primary, F9 Secondary and H13 HEPA filters.		#The ventilation system is to include G4 Primary, F9 Secondary and H13 HEPA filters.
	#The conditioned air is to be introduced into the theatre via suitable diffusers.		#The conditioned air is to be introduced into the theatre via suitable diffusers.

Tobyvan: /* Natural ventilation */

2021-04-22T07:45:29Z

Natural ventilation

Tobyvan: /* 24. VALIDATION OF SPECIALIST VENTILATION SYSTEMS */ Cleaning up of Table 4 (Ventilation)

2020-12-15T09:19:05Z

24. VALIDATION OF SPECIALIST VENTILATION SYSTEMS: Cleaning up of Table 4 (Ventilation)

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Tobyvan: /* 24. VALIDATION OF SPECIALIST VENTILATION SYSTEMS */

2020-12-15T09:07:02Z

24. VALIDATION OF SPECIALIST VENTILATION SYSTEMS

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:07, 15 December 2020
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	[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref2\|<sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup>]] Temperature range not to be exceeded for more than 50 hours per year.		[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref2\|<sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup>]] Temperature range not to be exceeded for more than 50 hours per year.

	{{Anchor\|~~ftn3~~}}[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref1\|<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup>]] Specialist cleanrooms and laboratories may require lower temperatures.		{{Anchor\|BESftn3}}[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref1\|<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup>]] Specialist cleanrooms and laboratories may require lower temperatures.

	[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref1\|<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup>]] Levels of filtration are dependent on pathogenicity. Exhaust filtration may also be required.		[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref1\|<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup>]] Levels of filtration are dependent on pathogenicity. Exhaust filtration may also be required.

Tobyvan: /* 24. VALIDATION OF SPECIALIST VENTILATION SYSTEMS */

2020-12-15T09:03:54Z

24. VALIDATION OF SPECIALIST VENTILATION SYSTEMS

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Tobyvan at 13:36, 22 September 2020

2020-09-22T13:36:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 22 September 2020
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	#Space, system capacity or efficiency demands their use.		#Space, system capacity or efficiency demands their use.
	#An effective plan for the control of legionella must be developed and implemented.		#An effective plan for the [[Legionella Control\|control of legionella]] must be developed and implemented.

	<br />		<br />
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	'''81. Legionella Control'''		'''81. Legionella Control'''

	#~~Facility~~ wide legionella control plan shall be in place which will inform operation, maintenance and design of water systems.		#A facility-wide legionella control plan shall be in place which will inform operation, maintenance and design of water systems.
	#This Plan must include a Legionella risk assessment document, listing all areas where the bacteria may occur. This must address specifically air conditioning condenser water systems, domestic hot and cold water installations, irrigation water storage and distribution systems, etc.		#This Plan must include a Legionella risk assessment document, listing all areas where the bacteria may occur. This must address specifically air conditioning condenser water systems, domestic hot and cold water installations, irrigation water storage and distribution systems, etc.
	#The Plan must refer to as-built drawings identifying positions and layouts of plant and installations liable to cause a risk of Legionella being generated		#The Plan must refer to as-built drawings identifying positions and layouts of plant and installations liable to cause a risk of Legionella being generated
	#The facility’s Maintenance Procedures must describe all measures to be taken to minimise proliferation of Legionella. This is to include procedures and frequency of sanitation/disinfection, purging of dead legs on circulating systems, sample taking and testing at specific intervals, as well as a responsibility matrix of personnel.		#The facility’s Maintenance Procedures must describe all measures to be taken to minimise proliferation of Legionella. This is to include procedures and frequency of sanitation/disinfection, purging of dead legs on circulating systems, sample taking and testing at specific intervals, as well as a responsibility matrix of personnel

			For additional information refer to the [[Legionella Control]] article.

	==Lifts==		==Lifts==

Tobyvan at 13:31, 22 September 2020

2020-09-22T13:31:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:31, 22 September 2020
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	4. Commissioning of ventilation and air conditioning systems shall comprise the following:		4. Commissioning of ventilation and air conditioning systems shall comprise the following:

	# Confirmation of accuracy of measurements.		#Confirmation of accuracy of measurements.

	Measurement accuracy depends on equipment accuracy and repeatability. Factors that would impact on the accuracy of measurement include:		Measurement accuracy depends on equipment accuracy and repeatability. Factors that would impact on the accuracy of measurement include:
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	"'''uninterrupted power supply'''" means a battery system, which in the event of a normal mains supply failure will provide immediately the electrical supply for essential equipment and lighting.		"'''uninterrupted power supply'''" means a battery system, which in the event of a normal mains supply failure will provide immediately the electrical supply for essential equipment and lighting.
	[[Category:Crosscutting Issues]]		[[Category:Crosscutting Issues]]
			[[Category:Water Distributions Systems]]
			[[Category:Legionella Control]]
			[[Category:Ventilation]]

Tmojanaga: /* Lifts */

2020-09-10T12:41:52Z

Lifts

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:07, 15 December 2020
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	[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref2\|<sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup>]] Temperature range not to be exceeded for more than 50 hours per year.		[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref2\|<sup><sup>[2]</sup></sup>]] Temperature range not to be exceeded for more than 50 hours per year.

	{{Anchor\|~~ftn3~~}}[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref1\|<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup>]] Specialist cleanrooms and laboratories may require lower temperatures.		{{Anchor\|BESftn3}}[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref1\|<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup>]] Specialist cleanrooms and laboratories may require lower temperatures.

	[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref1\|<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup>]] Levels of filtration are dependent on pathogenicity. Exhaust filtration may also be required.		[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref1\|<sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup>]] Levels of filtration are dependent on pathogenicity. Exhaust filtration may also be required.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 8 May 2024
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	For further information regarding the requirements for airborne-infection precaution rooms, refer to Part C, Section 23.3<!-- add link --> of this document and the [[Infection Prevention and Control]].		For further information regarding the requirements for airborne-infection precaution rooms, refer to Part C, Section 23.3<!-- add link --> of this document and the [[Infection Prevention and Control]].

			An alternative exposure-based model can be considered where infection risk can be quantified in terms of the environmental reproductive number.

	===<u>Ventilation requirements</u>===		===<u>Ventilation requirements</u>===
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	#Medium Risk areas such as congregate spaces such as waiting areas shall have a nominal ventilation rate of 60ℓ/s per person.		#Medium Risk areas such as congregate spaces such as waiting areas shall have a nominal ventilation rate of 60ℓ/s per person.
	#Mechanical ventilation may be employed to achieve the minimum ventilation rates. It should be noted that very high ventilation rates can be achieved by employing a well-considered natural ventilation design. Consideration may also be given to mixed mode ventilation systems, which combine mechanical and passive ventilation and temperature control. An open window policy may therefore be adopted, with careful consideration of all the associated cross infection risks and management challenges.		#Mechanical ventilation may be employed to achieve the minimum ventilation rates. It should be noted that very high ventilation rates can be achieved by employing a well-considered natural ventilation design. Consideration may also be given to mixed mode ventilation systems, which combine mechanical and passive ventilation and temperature control. An open window policy may therefore be adopted, with careful consideration of all the associated cross infection risks and management challenges.
	#Airborne precaution rooms shall be designed so as to provide thermal comfort. Where occupants have freedom in location and dress code, an adaptive thermal comfort model should be adopted. Heating, cooling and energy recovery devices shall pose no risk of harbouring pathogens or increasing the cross infection risk.		#Airborne precaution rooms shall be designed so as to provide thermal comfort. Where occupants have freedom in location and dress code, an adaptive thermal comfort model should be adopted. Heating, cooling and energy recovery devices shall pose no risk of harbouring pathogens or increasing the cross-infection risk.
	#Air from the airborne precaution rooms shall not flow into adjacent, uncontaminated rooms or adjacent airborne precaution rooms. Air shall not flow from a room with a higher airborne infection risk category to a room with a lower risk category.		#Air from the airborne precaution rooms shall not flow into adjacent, uncontaminated rooms or adjacent airborne precaution rooms. Air shall not flow from a room with a higher airborne infection risk category to a room with a lower risk category.
	#Ventilation ducting and pipe work shall not form a conduit by which pathogens can transfer from one zone to another whether the ventilation system is running or not. Filtration devices and anti-backflow devices may be employed provided these do not pose a risk of infection to maintenance staff.		#Ventilation ducting and pipe work shall not form a conduit by which pathogens can transfer from one zone to another whether the ventilation system is running or not. Filtration devices and anti-backflow devices may be employed provided these do not pose a risk of infection to maintenance staff.
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	#A theatre’s room pressure shall always be positive relative to technical spaces.		#A theatre’s room pressure shall always be positive relative to technical spaces.
	#Negative pressure theatres should not employ recirculation of room air.		#Negative pressure theatres should not employ recirculation of room air.
	#~~Fresh~~ air requirements are 5-7 Air Changes per hour to satisfy the occupancy requirements		#Minimum fresh air requirements are 5-7 Air Changes per hour to satisfy the occupancy requirements.
	#Additional fresh air may be required for pressurisation and shall be designed to maintain the required pressure differential between the theatre, the ancillary rooms and the corridors. The fresh air rate shall be selected to offer the required pressurisation at the greatest possible energy efficiency.		#Additional fresh air may be required for pressurisation and shall be designed to maintain the required pressure differential between the theatre, the ancillary rooms and the corridors. The fresh air rate shall be selected to offer the required pressurisation at the greatest possible energy efficiency. Rules of thumb rates of percentage fresh air as a function of the supply air rate are not acceptable methods for determining additional fresh air requirements for pressurization.
	#Separate temperature controls in each theatre are to be provided.		#Separate temperature controls in each theatre are to be provided.
	#No manual on and off switching of air handling plant to be done from within the theatres.		#No manual on and off switching of air handling plant to be done from within the theatres.
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	23.4.3 CLEAN OR MAJOR THEATRES		23.4.3 CLEAN OR MAJOR THEATRES

	#Airborne particulate contamination levels are not to exceed ISO 14644-1 Class 6 in all protected areas and Class 7 in ~~backround~~ areas. These conditions are to be demonstrated as achievable under operational conditions.		#Airborne particulate contamination levels are not to exceed ISO 14644-1 Class 6 in all protected areas and Class 7 in background areas. These conditions are to be demonstrated as achievable under operational conditions.
	#The ventilation system is to include G4 Primary, F9 Secondary and H13 HEPA filters.		#The ventilation system is to include G4 Primary, F9 Secondary and final H13 HEPA filters. No air tempering and conditioning equipment is permitted downstream of the HEPA filters
	#The conditioned air is to be introduced into the theatre via suitable diffusers.		#The conditioned air is to be introduced into the theatre via suitable diffusers.
	#Refer to ISO14644-4 for guideline ventilation rates.		#Refer to ISO14644-4 for guideline ventilation rates.
	#Additional fresh air may be required for pressurization and shall be designed to maintain the required pressure differential between the theatre, the ancillary rooms and the corridors. The fresh air rate shall be selected to offer the required pressurization at the greatest possible energy efficiency.		#Additional fresh air may be required for pressurization and shall be designed to maintain the required pressure differential between the theatre, the ancillary rooms and the corridors. The fresh air rate shall be selected to offer the required pressurization at the greatest possible energy efficiency.
	#These validation tests shall be performed in accordance with SANS 14644 Parts 1, 2 and 3 at the recommended intervals (ISO14644-2) or after any system or building intervention has been completed. Detail records are to be kept and be presented upon demand.		#These validation tests shall be performed in accordance with SANS 14644 Parts 1, 2 and 3 at the recommended intervals (ISO14644-2) or after any system or building intervention has been completed. Detail records are to be kept and be presented upon demand.
	#All ductwork between the HEPA filter housing and the air terminal shall be of rigid medium pressure ducting (SANS 10173) construction. All ductwork upstream of the HEPA filter housing shall be rigid high pressure ducting. Where alignment necessitates, the final connection to the terminal shall have a maximum of 300mm of thermally insulated flexible ducting.		#All ductwork between the HEPA filter housing and the air terminal shall be of rigid medium pressure ducting (SANS 10173) construction. All ductwork upstream of the HEPA filter housing shall be rigid high-pressure ducting. Where alignment necessitates, the final connection to the terminal shall have a maximum of 300mm of thermally insulated flexible ducting.
			#Recirculation from the theatre room to zones outside of the theatre room is not permitted and all recirculated air shall be filtered through the secondard and HEPA filters as a minimum. Recirculation from zones outside of any theatre room into that theatre room is not permitted.

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:45, 22 April 2021
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	9. Where mixed mode ventilation cannot achieve the required air quality, quantity or consistency, mechanical ventilation may be considered as a solution.		9. Where mixed mode ventilation cannot achieve the required air quality, quantity or consistency, mechanical ventilation may be considered as a solution.

			[[File:NV-Decision Tree1.png\|alt=NV-Decision Tree\|border\|frameless\|800x800px]]<br />

	===Mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning===		===Mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning===
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	====='''VALIDATION OF SPECIALIST VENTILATION SYSTEMS'''=====		====='''VALIDATION OF SPECIALIST VENTILATION SYSTEMS'''=====

	# Validation testing shall be completed in accordance with national standards for standardized tests (eg ISO14644 and ISO 14698 for cleanrooms) and shall be completed against mutually agreed protocols for non-standard tests.		#Validation testing shall be completed in accordance with national standards for standardized tests (eg ISO14644 and ISO 14698 for cleanrooms) and shall be completed against mutually agreed protocols for non-standard tests.
	# It essential that the validation testing of a ventilation system’s contamination control performance parameters is conducted against operational, and not only "at-rest", conditions. Validation against "as-built" conditions offers little insight into the ultimate performance of the system.		#It essential that the validation testing of a ventilation system’s contamination control performance parameters is conducted against operational, and not only "at-rest", conditions. Validation against "as-built" conditions offers little insight into the ultimate performance of the system.
	# Pre-Commissioning Checks shall cover the following aspects prior to the commencement of formal commissioning:		#Pre-Commissioning Checks shall cover the following aspects prior to the commencement of formal commissioning:
	## Check whether the Design Specification satisfactorily addresses the demands of the User Requirement Specification.		##Check whether the Design Specification satisfactorily addresses the demands of the User Requirement Specification.
	## Check whether the ventilation systems have been provided and installed in accordance with the design specifications and drawings		##Check whether the ventilation systems have been provided and installed in accordance with the design specifications and drawings
	## Check that the buildings either housing or served by the ventilation equipment is complete and finished such that testing can commence safely and effectively.		##Check that the buildings either housing or served by the ventilation equipment is complete and finished such that testing can commence safely and effectively.
	## Check that all AHUs, chillers, heat rejection equipment and filters are sufficiently accessible for inspection and maintenance.		##Check that all AHUs, chillers, heat rejection equipment and filters are sufficiently accessible for inspection and maintenance.
	## All components are connected and are functional		##All components are connected and are functional
	## Door gaps and openings are installed and sized as specified in specialised zones		##Door gaps and openings are installed and sized as specified in specialised zones
	## Airflow control devices are installed in the correct locations and in the correct orientation		##Airflow control devices are installed in the correct locations and in the correct orientation
	## Duct and filter tests ports are installed and sealed satisfactorily		##Duct and filter tests ports are installed and sealed satisfactorily
	## Safety and control interlocks are established		##Safety and control interlocks are established
	## Fan and drive guards are in place		##Fan and drive guards are in place
	## Safety and warning signs are in place		##Safety and warning signs are in place
	## All major system components or sub-systems are clearly labelled with functional or controls identification in a neat and durable fashion.		##All major system components or sub-systems are clearly labelled with functional or controls identification in a neat and durable fashion.
	## Fluid and air pressure monitoring gauges are labelled with identification and acceptable maximum and minimum operating conditions.		##Fluid and air pressure monitoring gauges are labelled with identification and acceptable maximum and minimum operating conditions.
	## All wiring, piping and ducting colour banding is complete in accordance with SANS-1091		##All wiring, piping and ducting colour banding is complete in accordance with SANS-1091
	# CLEANLINESS CHECKS:		#CLEANLINESS CHECKS:
	## AHUs shall be checked for cleanliness on internal plenums with special attention being paid to fan and discharge plenums and condensate drip trays and drain lines.		##AHUs shall be checked for cleanliness on internal plenums with special attention being paid to fan and discharge plenums and condensate drip trays and drain lines.
	## Ducting serving “clean” areas shall be cleaned prior to installation and the ends shall be sealed until installation. Open ends of duct runs shall similarly remain sealed during construction. Spot checks for compliance during the installation process are recommended.		##Ducting serving “clean” areas shall be cleaned prior to installation and the ends shall be sealed until installation. Open ends of duct runs shall similarly remain sealed during construction. Spot checks for compliance during the installation process are recommended.
	# Recommended Filtration Levels and Ventilation Rates for Mechanically Ventilated Areas		#Recommended Filtration Levels and Ventilation Rates for Mechanically Ventilated Areas

	This table serves as a quick reference guide and will be revised as and when detailed room data sheets are developed within each department’s guidance documents.		This table serves as a quick reference guide and will be revised as and when detailed room data sheets are developed within each department’s guidance documents.
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	\|'''Airflow Type'''		\|'''Airflow Type'''
	\| colspan="2" \|'''Airborne Particle Count'''		\| colspan="2" \|'''Airborne Particle Count'''
	\| colspan="2" \|'''Ventilation<sup><sup>'''[[Building Engineering Services#BESftn1\|[1]]]~~'''</sup></sup>'''~~		\| colspan="2" \|'''Ventilation<sup><sup>'''[[Building Engineering Services#BESftn1\|[1]]]

	'''(Considering Forced)'''		'''(Considering Forced)'''
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	{{Anchor\|BESftn4}}[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref1\|<sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup>]] Levels of filtration are dependent on pathogenicity. Exhaust filtration may also be required.		{{Anchor\|BESftn4}}[[Building Engineering Services#%20ftnref1\|<sup><sup>[4]</sup></sup>]] Levels of filtration are dependent on pathogenicity. Exhaust filtration may also be required.

	====== Commissioning tests shall include and record, but not be limited to: ======		======Commissioning tests shall include and record, but not be limited to:======
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|'''System'''		\|'''System'''